Forking

In the blockchain world forking is a necessary process, where networks can apply updates, introduce new features, or solve disagreements with the nodes. A fork is the modification of a blockchains’ protocol, and either minor adjustments which are backward compatible or a more substantial adjustment that causes two different blockchains to each arise from the protocol change. Forking has the potential to be a valuable tool to help drive innovation, further blockchain networks, but none the less, can also divide and complicate things within the community. In this article we will explore how forking works, what makes it useful, and what problems it adds to decentralized systems.

Forking in Blockchain: The Path to Network Upgrades and Divergence

Forking is a process in blockchain technology in which there is a split in the blockchain, a divergence in the blockchain history, and a change, an update to the underlying protocol on the network. Forks result from intentional planned upgrades to the protocol, or as the result of a disagreement amongst network participants on the protocol rules. Forking can lead to two outcomes: Either in the form of a soft fork, where the blockchain remains compatible with older editions of the blockchain or a hard fork, where the blockchain creates two separate and incompatible tree of blocks. In a blockchain network, the forks are important for the network to survive and evolve, but they can also stir up controversy, and divide the community.

How Forking in Blockchain Works

Fork in blockchain is when developers or network participants change the rules of the protocol and there’s a split in the network. A soft fork changes things in a backward compatible way, this means that nodes from older versions of software can still interact with nodes that have been updated. Micel infrastructure changes are often carried out by soft forks, meaning they are for minor fixups, e.g., enhancing transaction speed, or evolving security measures. But a hard fork is a much more dramatic affair, involving a permanent split such that nodes running on the new version are incompatible with nodes and the new version node becomes what the old one was as well as the network. It results in two separate blockchains, for which we had an example with Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash.

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Benefits and Challenges of Forking

Several benefits of forking are associated with the ability to create a fork, upgrade or modify a blockchain network in order to fix bugs, add features, or improve functioning. These are made via hard forks which break off from the chain to make new networks with different philosophies, goals or even alterations to the design of the ecosystem itself, or via soft forks which do not perterb the continuity of the chain. Of these, hard forks, in particular, let communities decide on where a blockchain project should be taking itself, and could spur innovation.

But there are problems with forking too. Division is created in the community around hard forks since one group of users, developers and miners will have to decide to back the new version of the blockchain while another group can continue to back the original version. The issue with this, which we’ve seen with Ethereum versus Ethereum Classic, is that it can be confusing and lead to fragmentation. Frequent or unscrupulous forks can also undermine trust in the network by forcing officials into a situation in which they cannot control when the fork occurs. This, too, may be a technical transition in which users have to migrate assets while also upgrading the software to the appropriate version of the required chain.

Conclusion

Forking is an essential infrastructure primitive for upgrading and developing new blockchain networks, being able to introduce changes in reaction to community demands or technical advancements. This makes blockchains as adaptable and growing as possible over time, through soft forks or hard forks. But forking can also divide, and add complexity, especially in the case of hard forks, which can divide whole communities. In the future, as the forking of blockchain continues, knowing and managing how forking is controlled will continue to play a huge role in monitoring the health and continuity of decentralized networks.

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